Evidence Based Practice / Clinical Question - 1733 Words

Evidence Based Practice/ Clinical Question Pain†¦fever†¦oozing pus. Who would want to experience that? The answer is no one. Yet, out of the sixty to seventy of women who undergo a cesarean section, twelve percent will experience these symptoms due to a surgical site infection (SSI) (Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery, 2017). SSI are the primary cause of mortality and morbidity amongst cesarean section women. SSI are linked to increased length of stay, hospitalization rate, and healthcare costs. Many cases of SSIs are preventable with appropriate preoperative preparation and surgical technique (McKibben et. al, 2015). One specific prophylactic method is the use of antibiotics preoperatively. Using an EBP model, PICO,†¦show more content†¦After each procedure in the policy there are accompanying research and EBP articles that supports all policy procedures. Clinical Question One of the first steps in creating best evidence based practice policies is finding a clinical issue and compiling it into a clinical question. A clinical question is composed of four basic elements: population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. The first component is population. The population is the targeted group or groups that the clinical issue affects. For this composition the population will be pregnant women who will be undergoing a cesarean section. The second component is intervention. The intervention suggests a solution to the stated clinical problem. My suggested intervention is the continued use of antibiotics pre-operatively in the prevention of SSI. Comparison is the third component of the PICO. The comparison has an alternative option to compare risks and benefits. The chosen comparison will be the nonuse of pre-operative antibiotics versus the use of antibiotics. The fourth and final element of the clinical question is the outcome. The outcome is the measurable end result in which one would like to accomplish (LibGuides: Nursing Resources: PICO-Clinical Question, 2017). My chosen outcome will be the decrease in SSI in cesarean section patients through the use of pre-operative antibiotics. After compiling each componentShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Evidence Based Practice And Nursing Research1006 Words   |  5 Pages Significance of Evidence Based Practice and Nursing Research Rina Desai Widener University â€Æ' The significance of nursing research and evidence-based practice has gained a huge momentum in nursing. Research findings, knowledge from basic science, clinical knowledge, and expert opinion are all considered ‘evidence’. Thus, the practices based on research findings are more likely to result in the desired patient outcomes across numerous clinical settings. In addition, the pressure of healthcareRead MoreFocused Clincal Research Questions in the Field of Nursing Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesFocused Clinical Research Questions Discovering new information applicable to the field of nursing begins by asking a focused clinical research question. According to Stone (2002), asking the appropriate question is essential for the research process that follows. Although there are countless nursing problems that are worth investigating, it is imperative to narrow the focus of the problems so they can be empirically tested (Adams, 2012). Personal clinical experience, professional literature, previousRead MoreCapstone Project : A New Clinical Instructor Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesremembering what it was like to start out as a new clinical instructor. I started teaching clinicals confident in my ability to coach and mentor nursing students in their skills and critical thinking. During my tenure as an adjunct clinical instructor the nursing program never assessed my skills. As a clinical instructor students are looking to you as an example. Many times the examples provided are lacking in evidence-based practice knowledge and clinical competency. One specific memory is of a studentRead MoreAnalysis Of Cautis846 Words   |  4 Pagescountless dollars that could be saved if healthcare providers followed the suggested evidence-based practice standards? Tina Magers, a research coordinator at Mississippi Baptist Health Systems, had some of these same questions. She and her team wondered why twenty-five percent of hospitalized patients are at risk for catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). (Melnyk, 2016) They were curious about the evidence of this problem that could decrease the numbers of CAUTIs at their hospital. ARead MoreUsing Evidence Based Practice for Patient Care983 Words   |  4 PagesEvidence based practice can be defined as the process of, using the recent evidence base practice to make decision about patients individual care and to make sure that patient is getting most appropriate care by utilising the best practice, judgement clinically, preference for individual patient and systematic review (Nay Fetherstonhaugh, 2007). Hence, when health professional work, they need to consider the characteristics of the context of the practice and the patient’s values and their situationRead MoreSteps For Implementing The New Practice936 Words   |  4 Pagesto discuss a new best practice, the necessary steps for implementing the new practice, and support this change in practice with current literature. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines regarding patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STE MI) seek to reduce variation in practice and improve outcomes for this patient population (O Gara et al., 2013). Current evidence-based practice includes immediate reperfusionRead MoreThe Importance Of Knowledge, And Attitudes Toward Evidence Based Practice Among Nursing Staff770 Words   |  4 Pagesand Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice Among Nursing Staff which was published in the Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing in 2013. The article will be examined with regards to methodology, data analysis, as well as resulting correlations and conclusions that the authors identify in their discussion. The article provides information based on responses from a questionnaire regarding nurse s attitudes, knowledge, and use of evidenced-based practice in the clinical setting. The conclusionsRead MoreEvaluating A Research Question And Its Benefits Of Use1512 Words   |  7 PagesFormat to Formulating a Research Question and its Benefits of Use Nursing is an ever-changing field and the way patients are taken care of should be no different; however, patient care can be heavily influenced by tradition. Nurses can have traditions so ingrained in their practice that they never stop to question if a practice could be done differently and still provide quality care. Evidence-based practice (EBP) can be defined as use of current, best evidence in making decisions about care ofRead MoreThe Qualities Of A Nurse Leader Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesacquired through practice and research. It is important in being a good democratic leader to establish rules effectively with peers and subordinates. Leadership involves action, creativity, motivation, and visioning. It is viewing the possibilities and motivating others to make things happen (Kearney-Nunnery, 2016). Evidence based practice is a must to have a successful and a safe practice in your work environment, whether it is a hospital or nursing home. Leadership and evidence based practice are two partsRead MoreWhat Constitutes Evidence For Physicians?1630 Words   |  7 PagesWhat constitutes evidence for nurses? What constitutes evidence for patients? What constitutes evidence for physicians? How are they the same or different? T he movement toward evidenced based healthcare has necessitated change in practice approaches and a broader understanding of what constitutes evidence for physicians, nurses, allied health professionals and consumers. There is a significant amount of literature published regarding this practice change in all clinical areas. Not all literature

The Most Educated Group in the U.S. Black Women

American women have had to fight for their right to an education. Well into the twentieth century, women were discouraged from pursuing higher education, as it was popular notion that too much education would make a woman unfit for marriage. Woman of color and poor women also experienced other structural impediments to their education for much of the nation’s history that made it less likely for them to pursue an education. However, times have certainly changed. In fact, since 1981, more women than men have been earning college degrees. Furthermore, these days, women outnumber men on many college campuses, making up 57 percent of college students. As a college professor at a large, land-grant university, I notice that I often have many more women than men in my courses. In many disciplines, though certainly not all, gone are the days were women were numbered few and far between. Women are unabashedly seeking educational opportunities and charting new territories. Things have also changed for women of color, particularly those from historically underrepresented minorities. As legalized discrimination has given way to more opportunities, women of color have become more educated. While there is certainly room for improvement, Black, Latina, and Native American women are continuing to matriculate onto college campuses in increasingly larger numbers.   Indeed, some studies show that Black Women are the most educated group in the U.S. But what does this mean for their opportunities, wages, and quality of life? The Numbers Despite stereotypes that call African Americans lazy or stupid, Blacks in the United States are among those most likely to earn a postsecondary degree. For example, The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) reports that from academic years 1999–2000 to 2009–10 the number of bachelors degrees awarded to Black students increased by 53 percent and the number of associate degrees earned by Black students increased by 89 percent. Blacks are making headway in graduate education as well, with, for example, the numbers of master’s degrees earned by Black students more than doubling from 1999–2000 to 2009–10 increasing by a whopping 125 percent. These numbers are certainly impressive, and belie the notions that Black people are anti-intellectual and uninterested in school. However, when we take a closer look at race and gender, the picture is even more striking. The claim that Black women are the most educated bloc of Americans comes from a 2014 study that cites the percentage of Black women enrolled in college in relation to their other race-gender groups. However, considering enrollment alone gives an incomplete picture. Black women are also starting to outpace other groups in earning degrees. For example, although Black women only make up 12.7 percent of the female population in the country, they consistently make up over 50 percent—and sometimes much more—of the number of Blacks who receive postsecondary degrees. Percentage-wise, Black women outpace white women, Latinas, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans in this arena as well. Yet despite the fact that Black women are enrolled in and graduating from school in the highest percentages across racial and gender lines, negative depictions of Black women abound in popular media and even in science. In 2013 Essence magazine reported that negative imagery of black women appears twice as often as positive depictions. Images of the â€Å"welfare queen† â€Å"baby mama† and â€Å"angry Black woman,† among other images, shame working class Black women’s struggles and reduce Black women’s complex humanity. These depictions are not just hurtful, they have an impact on Black women’s lives and opportunities.    Education and Opportunities High enrollment numbers are indeed impressive; however, despite being termed as the most educated group of people in the United States, Black women still make far less money than their white counterparts. Take for instance, Black Women’s Equal Pay Day. While Equal Pay Day—the day in the year that represents at which point the average woman makes as much as the average man—is in April, it takes Black women four more months to catch up. Black women were paid just 63 percent of what non-Hispanic white men were paid in 2014, which means it takes the typical Black woman nearly seven extra months to be paid what the average white man took home back on December 31. (The figures are even worse for Native women and Latinas, who have to wait until September and November, respectively). Bottom line, on average, Black women earn $19,399 less than white men every year.    There are many structural reasons why Black women, despite this impressive increase in education, are currently seeing very little fruits of their labor. For one, Black women are  more likely than other groups of women nationally to work in the lowest-paying occupations  (e.g. sectors such as the service industry, health care, and education) and are less likely to work in the higher-paying  fields such as engineering or to hold managerial positions. Furthermore, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the number of Black women employed as full-time  minimum-wage workers  is higher than that of any other racial group. This makes the current Fight for Fifteen Campaign, which is agitating for an increased minimum wage, and other   labor fights very important. A troubling fact about wage disparities is that they are true across a range of occupations. Black women working in customer service make 79 ¢ for every dollar paid to their white, non-Hispanic male counterparts. Yet even Black women who are highly educated, such as those working as physicians and surgeons  make just  52 ¢Ã‚  for every dollar paid to their white, non-Hispanic male counterparts. This disparity is striking and speaks to the pervasive inequity that Black women face whether they are employed in low paying or high paying fields. Hostile work environments and discriminatory practices also affect Black women’s work life. Take the story of Cheryl Hughes. An electrical engineer by training, Hughes discovered that despite her education, years of experience, and training, she was being underpaid: â€Å"While working there, I befriended a white male engineer. He had asked the salaries of our white co-workers. In 1996, he asked my salary; I replied, ‘$44,423.22.’ He told me that I, an African American woman, was being discriminated against. The next day, he gave me pamphlets from  the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Despite learning that I was underpaid, I worked diligently to improve my skills. My performance evaluations were good. When a young white woman was hired at my firm, my friend told me that she earned $2,000 more than I did. At this time, I had a master’s degree in electrical engineering and three years of electrical engineering experience. This young woman had one year of co-op experience and a bachelor’s degree in engineering.† Hughes asked for redress and spoke out against this unequal treatment, even suing her former employer. In response, she was fired and her cases were dismissed: â€Å"For 16 years after that I worked as an engineer receiving taxable income of $767,710.27. From the day I began working as an engineer through retirement, my losses would be in excess of $1 million in earnings.   Some would have you believe that women earn less because of career choices, not negotiating their salaries, and leaving the industry to have children. I chose a lucrative field of study, tried to negotiate my salary without success, and stayed in the workforce with children.† Quality of Life Black women are going to school, graduating, and trying to break the proverbial glass ceiling. So, how do they fare in life overall? Unfortunately, despite the encouraging numbers around education, Black women’s quality of life looks downright dismal when you take a look at health statistics. For example, high blood pressure is found among African American women than any other group of women: 46 percent of African American women 20 years of age and older have hypertension, while only 31 percent of white women and 29 percent of Hispanic women in the same age range do. Put another way: almost half of all adult Black women suffer from hypertension. Could these negative health outcomes be explained away by poor personal choices? Perhaps for some, but because of the pervasiveness of these reports, it clear that Black women’s quality life is shaped not only by personal choice but also by a whole host of socioeconomic factors. As the African American Policy Institute reports: â€Å"The stress of anti-Black racism and sexism, coupled with the stress of serving as the primary caretakers of their communities, can take a toll on Black women’s health, even if they have the economic privilege to send their children to good schools, live in a wealthy neighborhood and have a high-level career. In fact, well-educated Black women have worse birth outcomes than white women who haven’t finished high school. Black women are also disproportionately subject to various factors--from poor-quality environments in impoverished neighborhoods, to food deserts to a lack of access to healthcare --that make them more likely to contra ct life-threatening diseases, from HIV to cancer.† How could work be connected to these outcomes? Considering the prevalence of low paying work across occupations and racist and sexist work environments, it is unsurprising that Black women suffer from health-related disparities.

The Pathological Protagonist of Dostoevsky’s Notes from...

The Pathological Protagonist of Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground Dostoevsky’s vision of the world is violent and his characters tortured; it is no wonder that many have viewed his work as prophetic of the 20th century. However, though Dostoevsky, in his unflinching portrayal of depravity, gives the Devil some of his best arguments, the Gospel often triumphs. Ivan Karamazov is at least offered the possibility of repentance when kissed by his saintly brother Alyosha. Raskolnikov, the nihilistic antihero of Crime and Punishment, is eventually redeemed through the love of the pure prostitute Sonja. Notes from the Underground, however, breaks this pattern. The protagonist of this novel, who, uncharacteristically for Dostoevsky,†¦show more content†¦Notes from the Underground, despite its unpolished narrative and paradoxical narrator, is a coherent whole, a subtle portrait of a man in conflict with himself. The first portion of the Notes is â€Å"a revelation of personality,† according to J. M. Coetzee, whereas the second is â€Å"a revelation of a shameful history† (219). The two cannot be separated from each other; both are necessary to complete the underground man’s portrait. Though he may put on a bold front in the ideological jabs of the first section, the second shows his ineffectual character, the seemingly irresolvable paradoxes of his personality. The underground man is paralyzed by indecision, governed by spite. His inability to â€Å"live life† is a malady that has grown prevalent in the â€Å"educated nineteenth century† (Dostoevsky 296, 191). As Dostoevsky writes in a footnote at the beginning of the work, â€Å"such persons as the writer of these notes not only may, but positively must, exist in our society, when we consider the circumstances under our society was formed† (179). The true philosophical lessons of the Notes are implicit, hidden within the narrative, and condemn the underground man as much as they do his rationalist opponents. Any satisfactory analysis of Notes from the Underground must keep in mind the singular consciousness and

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt And The National Labor...

In 1776, this great nation, the United States of America was created by Congress through its hopes of an independent nation. In the last two hundred plus years, we have accumulated forty-four presidents. Our longest serving president was Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He a served a consecutive three terms and was re-elected for a fourth term but sadly he died two months in(AE). FDR was a dominant leader in the democratic party and had lead the country through economic depression and all-out war. In the twelves years he had served he had created many important legislations, such as the Securities Exchange Act and the National Labor Relations Act(AE). FDR was inaugurated for his first term on March 4, 1933. At this time, the U.S was at its†¦show more content†¦The most popular of the New Deal agencies was the Civilian Conservation Corp(Home), this hired 250,000 unemployed men to work on local rural projects(AE). Congress also produced mortgage relief for millions of farmer and homeowners around the same time. FDR made agricultural relief a top priority and created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration(AE), forcing higher prices for items by paying these farmer to take land out of crops and to cut herds. In 1933 the National Industrial Recovery Act was created in order to reform the economy. It forced industries to establish rules of operations for all firms within specific industries(Gilder), minimum prices, agreements not to compete, and production restrictions. These industries also needed to raise wages. Provisions inspired unions and suspended anti-trust laws. The same year major new banking regulations were passed and in 1934(AE), the Securities and Exchange Commission was instituted to control Wall Street(Home). Roosevelt pursued recovery through federal spending, the NIRA spent $3.3 billion on the Public Works Administration to stimulate the economy(AE). He also worked with Republican senator George Norris to create the biggest government-owned industrial enterprise in American history, the Tennessee Valley Authority(Gilder). The TVA built dams and power stations, kept floods under control, and modernized agriculture and homes in the poverty engulfed Tennessee

The main aim is not to be afraid of yourself Free Essays

Several months ago I participated at training â€Å"Effective communication†. Actually, I didn’t think it will be useful for me, because I wasn’t a shy person, who doesn’t know what he wants from life. I didn’t have some special problems in personal relationships and in communications with my friends/teachers/family/etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The main aim is not to be afraid of yourself or any similar topic only for you Order Now Still, my friend invited me to visit this training and I agreed. Let it be, – I thought, – maybe I’ll find something interesting there, – who knows. To tell the truth, it was very useful for me and I’ve learned a lot of interesting things about myself which helped me to communicate with other people more effective. After that training I understood that if I remain myself (if I’m not changing myself) I’ll be happy and I’ll always be able to find way out from any difficult situation. The main aim is not to be afraid of yourself, to love and to accept yourself as you are. Unexpectedly for me I found out that I always was unsure in my actions, I was self-confident but only to some extent and very often after I took some decision; I tried to think over, what could happen if I acted in another way. I mean that I learned to look at my problems in simpler way, and then after I realized that actually I don’t have any problems. I understood that when the person is â€Å"opened†, people like him and they strive after him. You don’t need to be afraid and to hide your feelings, and then people start to understand you. Some of my fears from childhood disappeared; now in many cases I can control my aggression towards the other people. I was able to determine aim in my life, my internal state of mind changed into more vivid and confident. Communication with other people became more opened; I started to control my feelings. I learned that everything in my life depends on me, not on somebody else. That there are a lot of great possibilities, I only have to open my eyes and to reach them. Before I was loosing confidence in stress situations, and now I’m able to control my feelings. We made different kinds of tests and I understood that I like to clash with my friends and that I don’t show to people, who are close to me, feelings expressing my good attitude to them. I received practical knowledge in the field of understanding of human emotions and problems; I learned a lot of facts about myself with help of self-analysis and from opinions of other people. It was the unique experience for me and it helped me greatly in my life.    How to cite The main aim is not to be afraid of yourself, Papers

Interpersonal Communication free essay sample

Interpersonal communication is typically a dyadic (between two parties) form of communication. There are two major types of interpersonal communication used on a day to day basis: interpersonal (friends, family, partners), or impersonal (taxi drivers, shop assistants, etc. ). These can be utilised as an essential tool to enhance an individual’s ability in many facets: learning, relationships, professionally, socially and also helping others. Interpersonal communication is considered the most important form of communication and the most conventional. It is interdependent (mutually dependant) on visual (sight), auditory (sound), and kinetic (body language) stimuli. Firstly this essay will outline a brief history of interpersonal communication. Also in the following paragraphs, I will include examples of nonverbal (sight, sound and kinesis), verbal (face to face) and emotional intelligence (EI). I will also try to elaborate on some of the key aspects of effective (works well) and ineffective (does not work well) interpersonal communication. Since the beginning of time the inhabitant’s of this earth have been searching for suitable means of communication, and also a way to improve/cultivate the process. Relationships are at the heart of human behavior, building solid relationships can have a lifelong impact on our personal and moral development. Nonverbal communication is just as important as verbal communication and it can take many forms during its transmission, the process of nonverbal communication is accomplished through the sending and receiving of wordless messages. Language studies traditionally emphasize verbal and written communication but dismiss the importance of the silent language. It comes in many forms; it can be a person’s clothing, strut, facial expression, gestures, eye contact and tone of voice. To thoroughly understand some nonverbal communication one must also be versed in different cultures. There are many nonverbal differences across cultures that may be misleading or be a source of confusion. Research suggests that nonverbal communication is more important in understanding human behavior than spoken words. There are many universal emotions, such as fear, sadness, happiness etc. For me, I have problems to communicate to some people through interpersonal. I find it hard to communicate with my friends, family members, and strangers since I do not open completely myself to other people. Consequently, I do not have a long conversation with my friends or family members. The three problems that I have for interpersonal communication are self-disclosure, perception, and listening. First of all, I have a problem on self-disclosure because I don’t want to open myself. Our ability to communicate well with others is important to personal and professional success. As simple as communication seems, much of what we try to communicate to others—and what others try to communicate to us—gets misunderstood, which can cause conflict and frustration in personal and professional relationships. I think on both personal and professional level I am a moderate listener. I like to listen more than I talk. Sometimes I feel there’s nothing wrong with being quiet but at times really painful to not be able to say what I want to say, or not to be able to speak up ever. I believe only way to improve from this is keep trying and keep putting myself in positions where I have to speak and I guess it will be easier. I have to practice talking to my friends more often, or trying to dominant conversations for a while. Maybe I have to try putting myself in social situations where I am *slightly* uncomfortable – I’ll feel horrible and probably make an idiot of myself a few times; talking to people I dont usually talk to or accepting an invitation to somewhere I usually dont go. To strengthen my skills I guess I have to just expand my interests and hobbies so that I have a broader scope of topics to choose from when I communicate with others. Another thing that could do to improve my communication skills would be ‘asking question’ as much as possible. I think when I’ll be asking question they will feel like they are connecting with me and at the same time I will learn a lot more about the person so you may be able to contribute as well. Listening is an important skill that involves a lot more than the actual physical process of hearing. Possessing good listening skills is critical to success in a career, in relationships, and life itself. Without the ability to listen well, an individual is prone to making mistakes, wasting time, and frequently misunderstanding the messages of others. Practice can improve a person’s listening skills. First, I need to understand that listening is an active, rather than passive, process. Not only must I hear what a speaker says, I must understand it and then judge whether the information make sense. To improve my listening skills, I think I have to listen with respect to improve my listening skills. Use my tone of voice and choice of words to communicate that I am genuinely trying to understand what the person is saying. Providing my full attention on the person speaking; I should try not to get distracted by other sights or sounds. I should use more eye contact to remain focused. I should be trying to tune out any mannerisms of the speaker that may divert my attention from the content. I should always focus my mind on what is being said to improve my listening skills; try adjusting my body position if I find myself losing concentration. In a conflict, most of us primarily want to feel heard and understood. We talk a lot about our point of view to get the other person to see things our way. Ironically, if we all do this all the time, there’s little focus on the other person’s point of view, and nobody feels understood. We have to put ourselves in other’s shoes and try to see the situation from the point of view of others who are involved. Others will more likely be willing to listen if they feel heard. For people around me to communicate effectively I use my hands, facial expressions and eyes very often, usually observant and focusing on others eyes while we talk, as well as, their gestures and body language. But I have worked on not being touchy, as I used to have a tendency to put my arm around people or touch their arms or shoulders while talking with them. As far as actual conversation goes, I am focused, but sometimes get caught up in details. Receptive, but sometimes overanalyze things. I have an inquisitive nature, but sometimes come across as too curious, and am mindful of that. Sometimes I like having conversation with people of different cultures, because it gives me a chance to learn more about their lifestyle. Good communication passes information along. If we can effectively communicate, then people understand us much better, and whatever information we are trying to tell them will get across without being misunderstood. Communication makes good relationships. If we can effectively communicate, then other people know what we need and want, and we can let them know our feelings without being misunderstood. This prevents all that mind-reading arguments. If we can explain our thoughts and feelings, then we wont misunderstand each other. Good communications give us self-esteem. People with effective communication skills are more confident, because they know that they can tell other people exactly what they need to, and they know that they understand those people better. It helps us to think better. In order to communicate effectively, we have to think ahead and organize our thoughts. This helps us learn how to organize, and how to plan ahead. If we can communicate well, we can decide whether or not we have understood what the teacher just said, and can then let the teacher know whether or not we need additional help. Communication skills are incredibly important, not only to students, but to everyone. Verbal communication is a large part of how we present ourselves, and so having the appropriate skill set is beneficial in both our private and public lives. If someone is unable to communicate well, it does not matter how brilliant or talented they are. They will not be able to live up to their full potential if they cannot present themselves well and adequately express their ideas. Communication skill is very essential because it usually makes or breaks our career. In work, communication skill is very important since we need to communicate with others and we need to deliver and get the right message. Because if we cant communicate effectively, people wont listen to what we have to say and we will have very limited career options. But we also shouldn’t forget about nonverbal communication. It is as important as verbal. It’s like two sides of a coin.

Cross Cultural Management for Work Team- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCross Cultural Management for Work Team. Answer: Introduction Cross cultural management defines the management of work team, which incorporates varying culture, preferences and practices of international business context (DesAutels et al., 2015). The study will discuss the cultural differences to be faced by a business person of Nepal, while he will be communicating and negotiating effectively in the business culture of Saudi Arabia. Apart from that, the study will also discuss the challenges faced the business person in cross cultural communication. Furthermore, the study will also prove some suitable recommendation to the business person towards effectively communication and negotiating in the business culture of Saudi Arabia. Cultural Differences between Nepal and Saudi Arabia The key culture differences between Nepal and Saudi Arabia can be clearly identified through Hofstede'scultural dimension theory and high and low context differences. This theory will explore the cultural differences between two countries which are most relevant for communication and negotiation. Power Distance Index Power distance index defines the extent to which less powerful employees of an organization accept or expect that organizational power is distributed unequally. While considering the business culture of Nepal, it can be found that the organization power in distributed equally among the organizational members. An equal distribution of organizational power can be seen among the organizational members of Nepal. On the other hand, Habbash and Habbash, (2016) opined that Saudi Arabia has high power distance index, where organizational power is unequally distributed among the organizational members. Low powerful organizational members are to accept the power of high powerful organizational members. Individualism VS collectivism Individualism VS collectivism dimension defines the degree to which the organizational members are integrated in a group (Khakhar Rammal, 2013). Individualistic society has loose ties, where the people are mostly prefer individualism manner. On the other hand, collectivist society has tightly integrated relationship among the people. According to Chibba, (2015), the organizations Nepal mostly follow collectivism cultural dimension. Moreover, the organizational members prefer to be in a group and their strength remains in group work. On the other hand, Salem, (2014) opined that the organizational in Saudi Arabia prefer individualist culture. In such culture, the organizational members mostly prefer to be in individualism manner. Therefore, group work is not much appreciated in the business culture of Saudi Arabia. Uncertainty Avoidance Index Uncertainty Avoidance Index dimension defined the degree of tolerance of the people in a society. Moreover, it assesses the degree to which the people in a particular society embrace or advert something that is unknown, unexpected or far away from the current status quo (Chibba, 2015). The organizations having high degree in this dimension opt for stiff code of behavior, guidelines, laws and absolute truth. On the other hand, organizations having low degree in this dimension are willing to accept innovative ideas, concepts and they are less imposed by stiff business guidelines. According to Shrestha, (2017), the organizations in Nepal are always willing to accept new business ideas and concepts for creating business innovation. Moreover, the organizational members are highly communicative with new people for having innovative business ideas. On the other hand, Jackson and Manderscheid, (2015) opined that the organizations of Saudi Arabia are having stiff code of rules and business gu idelines. They are not open up to new business thoughts and the organizational members are not flexible in communicating with new people. Masculinity and Femininity This dimension defines the preference of an organization towards achievement, heroism, material rewards and assertiveness. Organizations having masculinity culture have more preferences for modesty, quality of life and care for weak (Beugelsdijk et al., 2017). Women are not given much priority in such business culture. On the other hand, organizations having femininity culture are highly empathetic and have equal preference for both males and females. According to Poudel, (2017), the business culture in Nepal is highly feminine, where the female organizational members are given equal priority like their male counterparts. On the other hand, Welsh et al., (2014) opined that the business culture in Saudi Arabia is highly masculine, where female organizational members are not given much priority in business meetings and other business context. Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Orientation This dimension explores the connection of past occurrence with the present and future actions. Organizations having low index in this dimension prefer traditional business concepts. However, organizations having high index in this dimension prefer adaption, circumstantial and adopt changes with dynamic business environment. According to Simkhada et al., (2013), the organizations in Nepal are highly adaptive and circumstantial. On the other hand, Khakhar and Rammal (2013) opined that organizations in Saudi Arabia are restricted to traditional business concepts. Indulgence vs. Restraint According to Gautam, (2015), the people in Nepal are always restraint and they control their gratification of needs by strict social norms. On the other hand, Aldraehim et al., (2013) opined that the people of Saudi Arabia are highly indulgent and prefer to enjoy life with full of fun. High and Low Context Differences This dimension refers to the degree of direct and indirect communication a particular culture uses in their internal dialogue. According to Shrestha, (2017), the business culture in Saudi Arabia is having high degree in this dimension, where the speakers relies on the receivers to have certain degree of pre-existing knowledge about the discussed business topic. On the other hand, Jackson and Manderscheid, (2015) opined that business entrepreneurs of Nepal clearly transmit precise and transparent message in the business meetings and negotiation process. Cross-Cultural Communication and Negotiation Analysis for Identifying Challenges Communication Issue The business person from Nepal can face huge problems in Saudi Arabia in regards to business communication. According to Simkhada et al., (2013), the main language of Nepal is Nepali, whereas, the main language of Saudi Arabia is Arabic. Therefore, the business person will face language issue in Saudi Arabia during the communication and negotiation process. On the other hand, Welsh et al., (2014) opined that the business entrepreneurs are highly assertive in their communication style. They mostly use high tone in their speech during business negotiation process. However, the business entrepreneurs of Nepal are not much accustomed with assertive tone in verbal communication. Therefore, the business person from Nepal can face high communication issue in business negotiation in Saudi Arabia. Challenges in Decision Making of Negotiation The business person from Nepal can face huge challenge in terms of making decisions in business negotiation. According to Gautam, (2015), the business persons in Saudi Arabia are highly stiff to the traditional rules and business ideas. They are not much reliant upon new and innovative business decisions. On the other hand, Habbash and Habbash, (2016) opined that the business persons are highly inclined towards adapting innovative business decision towards getting business success in dynamic business environment. In such situation, the business person from Nepal may face issues in decision making during the negotiation process with the business persons of Saudi Arabia. Conflicting Attitude towards Disclosure The business person from Nepal can face tough challenges in terms of conflicting attitude towards disclosure. According to Aldraehim et al., (2013), the business culture of Nepal is feminie, where the emotion of the people are considered oftentimes even in business negotiation. On the other hand, Salem, (2014) opined that the business culture of Saudi Arabia is highly masculine, where emotion is not considered during business negotiation process. They are only reliant on statistical fact for believing on the business process. Therefore, such strict mentality of the business person in Saudi Arabia may create problems for the business person from Nepal. Challenges in Building Trust The business person from Nepal may face huge issues in building trust with the business persons of Saudi Arabia. According to Chibba, (2015), the business persons from Nepal are quite flexible in making good relationship with new people and adopting new business ideas. However, DesAutels et al., (2015) opined that the business persons of Saudi Arabia are not much communicative with the new people and reluctant to trust on new persons. In such situation, the business person from Nepal will face tough challenges in building trusting relationship with the business persons of Saudi Arabia. It will ultimately hamper the communication and business negotiation process of the business person in Saudi Arabia. Challenges in Completing Tasks after Negotiation The business person from Nepal can also face tough challenges in completing the tasks during and after the negotiation process. According to Poudel, (2017), the business persons in Nepal are having low context in their business communication. Moreover, they communicate clear and precise information among all the organizational members, which speed up the competition of organizational tasks. On the other hand, Jackson and Manderscheid, (2015) opined that the business persons in Saudi Arabia are high context in business communication. Moreover, they share little information with the organizational information, which can mislead the actual business goals and delay the success of the negotiation process and ultimate business. Recommendation Cross Cultural Understanding The business person from Nepal should enhance his cultural understanding regarding the people of Saudi Arabia. The business person should first learn Arabic language for effectively communicating with the business persons of Saudi Arabia. Apart from that, the business person should also be aware of the values and norms of the people in Saudi Arabia. It will also help the business person in understanding the non verbal communication of the business persons in Saudi Arabia. Active Listening It is suggested for the business person from Nepal to actively listen to the business persons of Saudi Arabia. In this way, the business person from Nepal will better understand the business perspectives and business terms of Saudi Arabias business persons. Active listening will help both parties in the negotiation process to come an agree point quickly for successful business negotiation. Using Statistical Data in Business Negotiation From the cultural differences, it has been found that the business persons of Saudi Arabia are more reliant on statistical data of business rather than any emotional factor. Therefore, the business person from Nepal should always focus on the statistical data of business process during the negotiation process. It will help in developing high level of trust between both the parties. Using Diplomatic Attitude in Business Negotiation During the negotiation process, the business person should demonstrate diplomatic attitude over any cultural clash. Moreover, cultural clash is more likely to happen in differing business culture, which can even lead to cultural conflict in the business communication and negotiation process. Therefore, the business person from Nepal should demonstrate diplomatic attitude in cultural conflict even show more respect to the culture of Saudi Arabia. It will minimize the chance of cultural clash and lead to successful business negotiation. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that the business culture of Nepal prefer group work, whereas the business culture of Saudi Arabia prefer individualism. Furthermore, the business persons of Nepal are open up to new business ideas and concepts. However, the business persons of Saudi Arabia prefer traditional business ideas. Therefore, the business person from Nepal can face decision making problems in Saudi Arabia. The business persons of Saudi Arabia are not much reliant on new business persons. Therefore, the business persons from Nepal can face huge issues in terms of building trustable relationship with the business persons of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the business person from Nepal should enhance the cultural understanding about Saudi Arabia towards having effective business communication and negotiation. References Aldraehim, M., Edwards, S. L., Watson, J. A., Chan, T. (2013). Cultural impact on e-service use in Saudi Arabia: the need for interaction with other humans.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science,3(2). Beugelsdijk, S., Kostova, T., Roth, K. (2017). An overview of Hofstede-inspired country-level culture research in international business since 2006.Journal of International Business Studies,48(1), 30-47. Chibba, M. (2015). Contemporary perspectives on international business and culture.International Journal of Business and Globalisation,14(4), 408-419. DesAutels, P., Berthon, P., Caruana, A., Pitt, L. F. (2015). The impact of country connectedness and cultural values on the equity of a countrys workforce: A cross-country investigation.Cross Cultural Management,22(1), 2-20. Gautam, D. K. (2015). Strategic Human Resource Development: Shifting Paradigm in Nepalese Listed Companies.SDMIMD Journal of Management,6(2), 1-8. Habbash, M., Habbash, M. (2016). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: evidence from Saudi Arabia.Social Responsibility Journal,12(4), 740-754. Jackson, D., Manderscheid, S. V. (2015). A phenomenological study of Western expatriates adjustment to Saudi Arabia.Human Resource Development International,18(2), 131-152. Khakhar, P., Rammal, H. G. (2013). Culture and business networks: International business negotiations with Arab managers.International Business Review,22(3), 578-590. Poudel, J. (2017). Socio-Cultural Impact in Tourism: A Case Study of Sauraha, Nepal.Journal of Advanced Academic Research,1(2), 47-55. Salem, M. I. (2014). The role of business incubators in the economic development of Saudi Arabia.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),13(4), 853. Shrestha, B. K. (2017). Religious Ethics and Socially Responsible Behaviors of Small Firms in Nepal.Journal of Religion and Business Ethics,3(2), 5. Simkhada, P. P., Shyangdan, D., van Teijlingen, E. R., Kadel, S., Stephen, J., Gurung, T. (2013). Womens knowledge of and attitude towards disability in rural Nepal.Disability and rehabilitation,35(7), 606-613. Welsh, D. H., Memili, E., Kaciak, E., Al Sadoon, A. (2014). Saudi women entrepreneurs: A growing economic segment.Journal of Business Research,67(5), 758-762.